Mycoremediation of acetaminophen: Culture parameter optimization to improve efficacy

Untreated pharmaceutical pollution and their possibly toxic metabolites, resulting from overloaded wastewater treatment processes, end up in aquatic environments are hazardous to the ecosystem homeostasis. Biological remediation could supplement traditional methods overcome release of these biologically active compounds environment. Mycoremediation is especially promising due unspecific nature fungi decompose through exoenzymes uptake as nutrients. In present study, we improved on previous advances made using fungus Mucor hiemalis remediate one most commonly occurring pharmaceuticals, acetaminophen (APAP), at higher concentrations. The limitation nitrogen, adjustment pH, comparison to, well co-cultivation with white-rot Phanerochaete chrysosporium, were tested. Nitrogen did not significantly improve APAP efficiency M. . Maintaining pH media restraint 24 h previously observed. P. chrysosporium was far superior that hiemalis, two resulted a decreased compared single. • Adjustment slightly by hiemalis. chrysoporium exhibited better without adjustment. Co-cultivation less effective than monoculture.